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Job Creation Survey Selected Tables Q4 2015 and Q1 2016
In the fourth quarter of 2015, the total number of new employment recorded in the economy was 499,521 jobs, which was an increase of 5.1 percent (24,341) when compared with the preceding quarter and 35.2 percent (130,036) when compared to the fourth quarter of 2014.
The increase in the number of jobs in the fourth quarter was driven mainly by a seasonal induced rise in informal sector jobs, which accounted for 95.4 percent (476,563) of total jobs. It was followed by formal sector jobs, which accounted for 5.5 percent (27,246) of jobs in the fourth quarter of 2015, while the public sector for the first time recorded a negative figure of -4,288 for that quarter.
In quarter one of 2016, the total number of employment generated was 79,469 jobs, representing a sharp decline of 83.1 percent (389,605) year on year and 84.1percent (420,056) from the previous quarter.
This sharp decline in employment generation in the 1st quarter of 2016 is strongly correlated to the weakening economic output within that period, where the Nigerian economy recorded a negative growth of -0.36 percent. The 79,469 jobs created in that quarter consisted of 21,477 formal sector jobs and 61,026 informal sector jobs. The public sector just like in the 4th quarter of 2015, recorded a negative figure of -3.038...
Job Creation Survey, 2nd and 3rd Quarters 2016
In the second quarter of 2016, the total number of new (net) employment recorded in the economy was 155,444, this was a 95.6% increase when compared with the preceding quarter and a 10.0% increase when compared to the second quarter of 2015. As has been the case in previous quarters, the informal sector accounted for the largest share of new jobs, recording 67.9 % (105,543). This was followed by the formal sector, which accounted for 35.5% (55,124) of new jobs in quarter 2 of 2016. Public sector, for the third consecutive quarter recorded a negative growth in employment, with a figure of -5,223.
In the third quarter of 2016, the total number of jobs generated rose to 187,226 from the 155,444 generated in quarter 2, representing an increase of 20.4% quarter on quarter, but a decline of 60.6% year on year. The formal sector recorded 49,587 jobs, representing 26.5% share of new jobs in quarter 3. The informal sector recorded a larger share of new jobs in quarter 3 when compared to the previous quarter, reporting a figure of 144,651 jobs, which represents 77.3% of new jobs in quarter 3.
The Public sector again recorded a negative growth in employment, with a figure of -7,012 in quarter 3. The reported negative growth in public sector job numbers over the last year has not been entirely surprising, as many state governments across the country have struggled to pay salaries, hence restricting the number of new intakes and in some instances placing a complete embargo on new employment into the public service.
Overall, the magnitude of employment in the economy has not been sufficient or adequate to meet the ever-growing labour market; hence the continuous rise in the level of unemployment in the country which stood at 13.3% in Q2 and 13.9% in Q3 2016...
Labour Productivity Report Q3 2016
Economic growth in Nigeria, though stable in the past few years, started to experience a downward trajectory in the fourth quarter of 2014. In the third quarter of 2016, Nigeria recorded its 3rd consecutive quarters of negative growth, with the economy declining by 2.24%.
In Q3 2016, though there was a rise in labour productivity, the overall level was low when compared to the same period last year. There were several challenges that generally impacted on output and labour, and indirectly on labour productivity, keeping it below optimal levels. Some of these issues spilled over from Q1 through Q2 and to Q3, 2016.
Investment in the economy was still relatively low, though some government investments were recorded during the quarter, the volume of private investment and foreign direct investments was still considerably low compared to previous years. Power was relatively stable throughout the quarter, which partly accounted for the increase in labour productivity. Though there was a contraction in the economy in Q3 in real terms accompanied by an increasing unemployment rate, the growth in labour productivity implies a gradual increase in labour efficiency employed in the economy, the second consecutive quarterly rise.
The nature of productivity in the third quarter also gives an idea of the main drivers of the growth in labour productivity. The Agriculture sector recorded a growth of 4.5%, the highest among any major economic activity, with the third quarter being the harvest season in the Nigerian agricultural calendar, this may well have added to the growth in labour productivity in Q3, 2016. Other typically labour intensive sectors like human health and social services as well as accommodation and food services, together with agriculture accounted for the most jobs created in Q3 2016...
Labour Productivity Report Q4 2016
Economic growth in Nigeria, though stable in the past few years, started to experience a downward trajectory in the fourth quarter of 2014. In the fourth quarter of 2016, Nigeria economy, though showing signs of recovery, recorded its 4th consecutive quarter of negative growth, with the economy declining by 1.58%.
Q4 2016 saw a rise in labour productivity, the highest levels since Q1, 2015. While the overall level of productivity was high, there were several challenges that generally impacted on output and labour, and indirectly on labour productivity, keeping it below optimal levels. Some of these issues faced during the quarter were issues that spilled over from Q1 through Q2 andQ3, 2016.
Investment in the economy was still relatively low, though some government investments were recorded during the quarter, the volume of private investment and foreign direct investments was still considerably low compared to previous years. Power was relatively stable during the quarter, which partly accounted for the increase in labour productivity but was still lower than the required levels. Though there was a contraction in the economy in Q4 in real terms, which was accompanied by an increase in the unemployment rate, the growth in labour productivity implies a gradual increase in labour efficiency employed in the economy, the third consecutive quarterly rise.
The nature of productivity in the fourth quarter also gives an idea of the main drivers of the growth in labour productivity. The Agriculture sector recorded a growth of 3.39%, the highest among any major economic activity, with the parts of the fourth quarter being the harvest season in the Nigerian agricultural calendar, this may well have added to the growth in labour productivity in Q4, 2016. Other major activities that contributed to productivity during the quarter are Transportation and the Creative Sectors of the economy, though both activities relatively low weights compared to other activities like Agriculture, their strong growth during the quarter and the high number of labour they engage would have contributed to the labour productivity during the quarter...
Unemployment Under-Employment Watch Q1 2016
The economically active population or working age population (persons within ages 15-64) increased from 105.02 million in Q4 2015 to 106.0 million in Q1 2016.
In Q1 2016, the labour force population (i.e. those within the working age population willing, able and actively looking for work) increased to 78.4 million from 76.9 million in Q4 2015, representing in an increase in the labour force by 1.99%. This means an additional 1,528,647 economically active persons within 15-64 entered the labour force i.e. were able and willing and actively looking for work between January 1 and March 31 2016. This consisted of newly qualified graduates, new entrants into the economically active population (became 15 in Q1 2016) actively seeking work and previous members of the economically active population that choose not to work for whatever reasons in earlier periods. The number of those not willing or able, or not actively looking to work in the economically active population however declined to 27.5 million in Q1 2016 from 28.06 million in Q4 2015 meaning about 0.55 mn people in the working age population that choose not to work in Q4 2015 decided to work in Q1 2016 thereby adding to the labour force. This represents the third consecutive decline in the number of people not willing to work in the economically active population.
Within the same period, the total number in full time employment (did any form of work for at least 40 hours) decreased by 528,148 persons or 0.97%. This consists of people who lost their jobs and were either forced or for various reasons chose to move from full time employment to underemployment. Further analysis shows that the drop in full time employment between Q4 2015 and Q1 2016 was predominantly those within the ages 15-24 years accounting for a decline of 0.56mn followed by ages 55-64 years (decline of 0.09mn), ages 45-54 years (decline of 0.06mn) and ages 35-44 years (decline of 0.02mn). On the other hand, the number of those in full time employment between Q4 2015 and Q1 2016, within ages 25-34 increased by 0.22mn.
With an economically active or working age population of 106.0mn and labour force population of 78.4mn in Q1 2016, this means 27.5mn persons within the economically active or working age population decided not to work for various reasons in Q1 2016 compared to 28.06mn in Q4 2015 and consequently are not part of the labour force and cannot be technically considered unemployed or underemployed, even though they were not working. (You have to want to be willing to work and actively seeking work before you can be considered unemployed)
Against this backdrop, the number of underemployed in the labour force (those working but doing largely menial work or jobs not commensurate with their qualifications or not fully engaged and merely working for few hours-less than 20 hours) during the review quarter however, increased by 607,613 persons resulting in an increase in the underemployment rate to 19.1% in Q1 2016 (15.02mn persons) from 18.7% (14.41mn) in Q4 2015. This increase in underemployment is in line with an increasing trend of informal sector job creation outpacing formal sector job creation forcing people to settle for less preferred underemployment, but it also included those that choose to work fewer hours or not be engaged in work full time for various reasons...
Labour Productivity Report Q2 2016
Economic growth in Nigeria, though stable in the past few years, started to experience a downward trajectory in the fourth quarter of 2014. In the second quarter of 2016, Nigeria officially entered into a recession, with 2 consecutive quarters of negative growth.
Labour productivity increased to N637.5 in Q2 2016, from N605.27 in the previous quarter and 730.85 in the same quarter of the previous year. Thus, for the period under review, labour productivity increased by 5.3% on quarterly basis but declined by 12.8% year on year. While the total number of hours worked was estimated to increase by 18.0% between Q2 2015 and Q2 2016, and by 0.34% relative to the previous quarter, nominal GDP increased by 5.68% over the previous quarter and also increased by 2.93% over the same periods.
In Q2 2016 there were a number of challenges that may have impacted on labour productivity, some of which spilled over from the previous quarter, Q1 2016. For parts of the quarter, the petrol scarcity from Q1 lingered on, coupled with the hike in petrol and diesel prices. Investment in the economy was low, though some government investments were recorded during the quarter, the volume of private investment and foreign direct investments was still considerably low compared to previous years.
Though there was some improvement in power towards the tail end of the quarter, which partly accounted for the slight improvement in labour productivity, there was still significant power issues during the reference quarter, which affected production especially in the industrial sector. In addition, the scarcity of foreign exchange caused a large disparity between the parallel and official exchange rates, which made imported goods more expensive and affected the ability of businesses reliant on raw material imports for their production. As a result of all the above factors, firms had to retrench workers, resulting in the unemployment rate rising by 12.2% over the previous quarter and slowed productivity as recorded by GDP...
JAMB Admitted Candidates by State and Gender within Faculty
The Joint Admissions and Matriculation Board data reflected that a total of 11,703,709 applications were received between 2010 and 2016 while a total of 2,674,485 students were admitted across the 36 states and the FCT between 2010 and 2015.
In 2010, a total of 1,513,940 applications were received while 423,531 students were admitted. This represents that 28% of students who applied for admission were admitted across the 36 states and the FCT in the year under review. Adamawa and Niger States both admitted 38% of students who applied for admission in 2010. Both states received 14,483 and 16,556 applications while 5,678 and 6,278 students were admitted respectively.
Similarly, a total of 1,636,356 applications were received while 417,341 students were admitted in 2011. This simply means that 26% of students who applied for admission were admitted across the 36 states and the FCT in 2011. Yobe State with 7,879 applications and 3,185 admissions has 40% of students who applied for admission admitted.
1,632,835 applications were received in 2012 while 447,176 admissions were granted in 2012 representing 27% of applications to admissions during the year. Yobe State with 9,064 applications and 4,138 admissions has the highest percentage of applications to admissions with 46% recorded.
The lowest percentages of applications to admissions were recorded in 2013 and 2014 with 24% and 25% of applications to admissions recorded respectively during the period under review.
Yobe State with 11,222 applications and 4,084 admissions has the highest percentage of applications to admissions with 36% recorded in 2013 while Jigawa State with 16,214 applications and 6,169 admissions has the highest percentage of applications to admissions with 38% recorded in 2014.
The highest percentage of applications to admissions was recorded in 2015 with 30% of applications to admissions recorded. Yobe State with 17,461 applications and 9,703 admissions has the highest percentage of applications to admissions in the year with 56% recorded...
Social Statistics Report 2016
This publication has been produced to meet NBS’ specific mandate of collecting, collating, analysing and disseminating statistical information on all facet on the Nigerian economy, as well as that of coordinating the production of relevant official statistics at all levels in Nigeria.
The Social Statistics Report 2016 is a compilation of data on the contemporary social situation in Nigeria. The report presents a variety of social and economic statistics that measure quality of life. Data for this publication was mainly generated from secondary sources from relevant Federal Government Ministries, Departments and Agencies to enrich our data base. In most cases, the information presented in this report spans from 2013 to 2015. Statistics over this time frame on annual basis form the benchmark for measuring social and economic conditions of the citizenry of Nigeria. However, there are gaps from some agencies who do not have the required data. The themes covered in the report include employment, education, health, public safety and transportation. In terms of structure, the report has been divided into sixteen chapters for convenience...
NBS Jobberman 2016 Q1 Online Employment Report
In the first quarter of 2016 there were less applications recorded than in the final quarter of 2015, although there was no clear pattern throughout the quarter. In January the number of applications rose by 15.6% to 196,965 from 170,453 in December, before falling by 37.2% to 123,657 in February, and then increasing again by 18% to 145,872 in March.
The number of applications was lower in general than in the final quarter of 2015; although applications increased between December and January by 15.6%, they then fell again in February by 37.2%, before increasing by 18% in March. As a result there were 145,872 applications in March compared to 170,453 in December.
By contrast, the number of vacancies increased following the dip in December when there were 2,563. By March there were 5,262 vacancies advertised. As a result, there was a sharp fall in the number of applications per vacancy. Trade/Services remained the sector to attract the most applications (39.1%), as well as to advertise for the most vacancies (79.1%).
Oil & Gas/Mining and Bank/Financial Services were the two sectors to attract the highest amount of applications per vacancy, although at 177 and 150 respectively, the number is low relative to the previous quarter.
Applications were predominantly male (67.9%) and well educated; 76.9% were educated to degree level or higher.
Lagos remained the state to account for the largest amount of applications and vacancies...
Nigeria Online Recruitment Report Q3 2016
In the third quarter of 2016 there was a large drop in the number of applications relative to the number received in the same quarter of the previous year, a drop of 67.3%. In July, there were 86,643 applications, which rose to 93,164 in August, before falling to 86,990 in September; which implies a total number of 266,797 applications during the quarter. This compares to 213,922, 287,547, and 313,694 in the same three months of 2015, or a total of 815,163.
The number of applications was considerably lower than in the third quarter of 2016; there were a total of 266,797 applications in the third quarter of 2016, compared to 815,163 applications in the same quarter of 2015, a 67.3% drop.
By Contrast, the number of vacancies increased slightly relative to the previous period; in the third quarter of 2016 there were 14,112 vacancies, compared to 14,005 in the third quarter of 2015.
Trade/Services remained the sector to attract the most applications (40.7%), as well as to advertise for the most vacancies (73.2%).
Oil & Gas/Mining and Engineering were the two sectors to attract the highest amount of applications per vacancy, although at 80 and 68 respectively, the numbers are low relative to the previous quarter.
Applicants were predominantly male (67.9%) and well educated; 77.5% were educated to degree level or higher.
Lagos remained the state to account for the largest number of applicants and vacancies...
Unemployment Under‐Employment Report Q4 2016
The economically active population or working age population (persons within ages 15 and 64) increased from 108.03 million to 108.59 million, this represents a 0.5% increase over the previous quarter and a 3.4% increase when compared to Q4 2015. In Q4 2016, the labour force population (i.e. those within the working age population willing, able and actively looking for work) increased to 81.15 million from 80.67 million in Q3 2016,representing an increase of 0.6% in the labour force during the quarter. This means about 482,689 persons from the economically active population entered the labour force during the quarter, that is individuals that were able, willing and actively looking for work.
The magnitude of this increase between Q3 and Q4 2016 is smaller when compared to Q2 and Q3 2016, which recorded an increase of 782,886 in the labour force population. Within the reference period, the total number of persons in full time employment (did any form of work for at least 40 hours) decreased by 977,876 or 1.8% when compared to the previous quarter, and decreased by 1.92 million or 3.5% when compared to Q4 of 2015, making a total of 52.58 million persons in full time employment. With an economically active or working age population of 108.59 million and labour force population of 81.15 million, it means 27.44 million persons within the economically active or working age population decided not to work for one reason or the other in Q4 2016, hence were not part of the labour force and cannot be considered unemployed.
The number of underemployed in the labour force (those working but doing menial jobs not commensurate with their qualifications or those not engaged in full time work and merely working for few hours) increased by 1,109,551 or 7.0%,resulting in an increase in the underemployment rate from 19.7% (15.9 million persons) in Q3 2016 to 21.0% (17.03 million persons) in Q4 2016. This is an increase of 1.3 percentage points between quarters 3 and 4 of 2016, and shows a steady rise in the rate since Q3 of 2015.During the reference period, the number of unemployed in the labour force, increased by 351,015 persons, resulting in an increase in the national unemployment rate to 14.2% in Q4 2016, slightly up from 13.9% in Q3, 13.3% in Q2, 12.1% in Q1 2016,and 10.4% in Q4 2015. Accordingly, there were a total of 28.58 million persons in the Nigerian labour force in Q4 2016, that were either unemployed or underemployed compared to compared to 27.12 million in Q3, 26.06 million in Q2 and 24.5 million in Q1 2016...
Unemployment Under-Employment Report Q2 2016
The economically active population or working age population (persons within ages 15 and 64) increased from 106.00 million in Q1 2016 to 106.69 million in Q2 2016, this represents a 0.65% increase over the previous quarter and a 3.02% increase when compared to Q2 2014.
In Q2 2016, the labour force population (i.e those within the working age population willing, able and actively looking for work) increased to 79.9 million from 78.5 million in Q1 2016, representing an increase of 1.78% in the labour force during the quarter. This means 1.39 million persons from the economically active population entered the labour force, that is individuals that were able, willing and actively looking for work. This magnitude of this increase between Q1 and Q2 2016 is smaller when compared to Q4 2015 and Q1 2016, which was an increase of 1.59m in the Labour force population. Within the reference period, the total number of person in full time employment (did any form of work for at least 40 hours) decreased by 351,350 or 0.65% when compared to the previous quarter, and also decreased by 749,414 or 1.38% when compared to Q2 of 2015.
With an economically active or working age population of 106.69 million and labour force population of 79.9 million, it means 26.8 million persons within the economically active or working age population decided not to work for one reason or the other in Q2 2016, hence were not part of the labour force and cannot be considered unemployed. A cursory look at these number over the last year, from Q2 2015 to Q2 2016 indicates a steady decline: 29.6 million, 28.4 million, 28.1 million, 27.5 million and 26.8 million. This indicates that more people who previously were not economically engaged are now deciding to look for work. This may be connected to the decline in economic activity which is forcing previous housewives, retirees and students to enter the job market to make ends meet. A single income may no longer be enough for a family prompting previously out of work housewives to look for work to support strained household income. Also students may be choosing to drop out of school or postpone further studies in order to enter the job market to make ends meet or to raise fees for further education.
The number of underemployed in the labour force (those working but doing menial jobs not commensurate with their qualifications or those not engaged in full time work and merely working for few hours) increased by 392,390 or 2.61%, resulting in an increase in the underemployment rate to 19.3 % (15.4 million persons) in Q2 2016 from 19.1% (15,02 million persons) in Q1 2016, 18.7% (14.42 million persons) in Q4 2015, from 17.4% (13.2 million persons) in Q3 2015 and 18.3% (13.5 million persons) in Q2 2015. During the reference period, the number of unemployed in the labour force, increased by 1,158,700 persons, resulting in an increase in the national unemployment rate to 13.3% in Q2 2016 from 12.1 in Q1 2016, 10.4% in Q4 2015 from 9.9% in Q3 2015 and from 8.2% in Q2 2015. In view of this, there were a total of 26.06 million persons in the Nigerian labour force in Q2 2016, that were either unemployed or underemployed compared to compared to 24.5 million in Q1 2016 and 22.6 million in Q4 2015...
Labour Productivity Report Q1 2016
Economic growth in Nigeria, though stable in the past few years, started to experience a downward trajectory in the last year, with the first quarter of 2016 recording a negative growth.
Labour productivity rose from about N471.94 in 2011 to N718.14 in 2015, this represents a 52.5% increase in labour productivity over the 5-year period and a 12.2% between 2014 and 2015.
Labour productivity fell to N605.27 in Q1 2016, from N706.95 in the previous quarter and 669.57 in the same quarter of the previous year. Thus, for the period under review both quarterly and year on year declines of 14.4% and 9.6% were recorded respectively. While the total number of hours worked was estimated to increase by 16.8% between Q1 2015 and Q1 2016, and by 0.3% relative to the previous quarter, nominal GDP increased by 5.8%, and decreased by 14.1% over the same periods. Notably, Q1 2016 also recorded the lowest year on year growth rate in real GDP in the rebased period, of negative 0.36%.
In Q1 2016 there were a number of challenges that may have impacted on labour productivity. For a significant part of the quarter, the petrol scarcity that was experienced in Q4 2015 intensified, while investment in the economy continued to decline (both government and private). Many firms had to let workers go and those that did not retrench workers had them doing less productive work than they did in previous quarters. There were also power issues, which saw a notable decline relative to the previous quarter. In addition, the scarcity of foreign exchange caused a large divergence between the parallel and official exchange rates, which made imported goods more expensive and affected the ability of businesses reliant on raw material imports for their production...
Document Archive - 2016
Unemployment Under‐Employment Report Q3 2016, Version 2
The economically active population or working age population (persons within ages 15 and 64) increased from 106.69 million in Q2 2016 to 108.03 million, this represents a 1.26% increase over the previous quarter and a 3.57% increase when compared to Q3 2015.
In Q3 2016, the labour force population (i.e those within the working age population willing, able and actively looking for work) increased to 80.67 million from 79.9 million in Q2 2016, representing an increase of 0.98% in the labour force during the quarter. This means about 782,886 persons from the economically active population entered the labour force, that is individuals that were able, willing and actively looking for work. This magnitude of increase between Q2 and Q3 2016 is smaller when compared to Q1 and Q2 2016, which was an increase of 1.39m in the labour force population. Within the reference period, the total number of person in full time employment (did any form of work for at least 40 hours) decreased by 272,499 or 0.51% when compared to the previous quarter, and decreased by 1.66 million or 3.01% when compared to Q3 of 2015. With an economically active or working age population of 108.03 million and labour force population of 80.67 million, it means 27.36 million persons within the economically active or working age population decided not to work for one reason or the other in Q3 2016, hence were not part of the labour force and cannot be considered unemployed.
The number of underemployed in the labour force (those working but doing menial jobs not commensurate with their qualifications or those not engaged in full time work and merely working for few hours) increased by 501,074 or 3.25%, resulting in an increase in the underemployment rate from 19.3 % in Q2 2016 to 19.7% (15.9 million persons) in Q3 2016. This is a marginal increase of 0.4 percentage points between quarters 2 and 3 of 2016, and shows a steady rise in the rate since Q3 of 2015. During the reference period, the number of unemployed in the labour force, increased by 554,311 persons, resulting in an increase in the national unemployment rate to 13.9% in Q3 2016 from 13.3% in Q2, 12.1% in Q1 2016, 10.4% in Q4 2015 and 9.9% in Q3 2015. Accordingly, there were a total of 27.12 million persons in the Nigerian labour force in Q3 2016, that were either unemployed or underemployed compared to 26.06 million in Q2 and 24.5 million in Q1 2016...
